Indigenous tribes of the western Amazon have considered kambo, or sapo, an “ancestral medicine” for over 2000 years. The secretion of the kambo frog (Phyllomedusa bicolour) is the medicine. At the beginning of the 20th century, the great drought in northeastern South America produced a migration of people to the western jungle to work in the rubber factories. This mass movement favoured the rediscovery of kambo and its use by non-indigenous populations outside of native tribes in the jungle. Its peculiar effects piqued curiosity and motivated scientific studies to research its composition as well as to determine its bioactive properties.